HB 2098 has no effect on the requirement that pain management clinics be owned by physicians. HB 2098, enacted by the 82nd Legislature, allows entities to be jointly owned by physicians and physician assistants subject to certain limitations, including percent of ownership by physician assistants. Tex. Occ. Code, Sec. 167.102(a), requires that a pain management clinic be owned and operated by physicians practicing in Texas under an unrestricted license. An ownership interest by anyone other than a physician is not allowed. Note: The TMB cannot give legal advice. Please consult an attorney if you have questions regarding whether or not your entity is required to report. However, the owners of entities that have not been properly reported can be investigated.

The authority to delegate is found in Chapter 157 of the Texas Occupations Code, and Title 22 of the Texas Administrative Code, Section 193. A physician is allowed to delegate certain duties to a qualified and properly trained person acting under the physician’s supervision:

1) if in the opinion of the delegating physician the act can be properly and safely performed by the person to whom the medical act is delegated;
2) the act is performed in its customary manner; and
3) the performance of the act by the delegate is not in violation of any other statute.

It is clear that AAs can be delegated certain tasks under Chapter 157. The question is the extent allowable of such delegation. The key provision that needs to be examined is likely “not in violation of any other statute.”

Although the Nursing Act describes what a CRNA can do in regard to anesthesia, there is overlap of regulation of CRNAs between the Medical Board and Nursing Board. CRNAs are subject to physician delegation under the Medical Practice Act. The delegating physician can limit what a CRNA is allowed to provide under a Prescriptive Authority Agreement (PAA) or Standing Order, despite what may be allowed under Nursing Board rules and regulations.

The level of supervision required for any AA (or any delegated provider) is determined based on training, knowledge, and experience, as determined by the physician. For CRNAs, whether any level of physician supervision is required will depend upon those same factors, in addition to applicable federal and state statutes, regulations, bylaws, and ethical standards, if any. However, AAs and CRNAs cannot practice independently and require physician delegation. A hospital or facility can set their own standards, policies, etc., related to delegation and supervision as long as it does not violate Chapter 157, board rules, or other applicable federal and state statutes and regulations. Although AAs most commonly work under an anesthesiologist physician, any physician may supervise and delegate to AAs; however, the standard of care must be met and the delegating physician remains responsible for the AA’s actions.

One difference between an AA and CRNA is the ability to order and prescribe dangerous and controlled substances to patients for anesthesia and anesthesia-related services. Under section 157.058, a CRNA pursuant to the physician’s order and in accordance with facility policies or bylaws may select, obtain, and administer those drugs appropriate to accomplish the order. The physician’s order for anesthesia or anesthesia-related services is not required to specify a drug, dose, or administration technique.

As previously stated, the Nursing Act describes what a CRNA can do in regard to anesthesia. However, the delegating physician or facility can limit what a CRNA is allowed to provide under a PAA or Standing Order, despite what may be allowed under Nursing Board rules and regulations.

While AAs are not allowed to select drugs, determine dose, or administration technique for anesthesia or anesthesia-related services without specification by the supervising physician through an order, they perform many of the other same key duties performed by CRNAs. These duties include conducting preoperative physical exams, administering medications, evaluating and responding to life-threatening situations, setting up external and internal monitors, and implementing general and site-specific anesthetic techniques.

Another area of concern relates to handing-off patient care from CRNAs to AAs. RNs have the authority to delegate certain nursing tasks to unlicensed individuals; however, a CRNA and AA do not have any specific delegation authority concerning anesthesia tasks. A physician has the authority to delegate the process of anesthesia-related patient care, including the transfer or hand-off of care from a CRNA to an AA through an order (standing or patient-specific) or protocol. A CRNA or AA cannot set-up or independently delegate a hand-off or step-down process.

While the Nursing Act places responsibility for patient hand-off on a CRNA, if the physician orders a hand-off process from CRNA to AA, and this is memorialized in orders, protocols, etc., then the CRNA does not have the authority to determine the AA is not competent. The reason is that the physician has already made the determination of competency under Chapter 157.001.

Because the CRNA’s authority also arises through the delegating physician, and is not independent of that physician, a CRNA cannot override a physician Order related to this hand-off scenario. If this hand-off became an issue, the CRNA would have a defense (absolute) because the physician has already determined the competency of the AA to accept this patient. 

Registering a supervising physician for an NCT will no longer be required.  However, an NCT will still need to obtain and maintain placement on the MRT Board’s general registry, or have an approved a hardship exemption, prior to starting practice.  

If your pro-rated initial registration is for less than 12 months, you are exempt from the CME requirement until your subsequent registration.

PA's are required to complete 40 hours of CME every 24 months with at least 20 hours being Category I. CME is calculated from expiration date to expiration date.

A PA may carry forward a maximum of 80 total excess CME credit hours (40 hours in each category) for up to two years.

No. CME is required every 2 years for Texas Physician Assistant Board and is calculated from expiration date to expiration date.  It is also every 2 years for the NCCPA, but it may not be on the same schedule.  In addition, you should check with the NCCPA for their current CME requirements.

You can register a new supervising physician through the Online Supervisions and Prescriptive Delegation Registration System. Please note that this is a 2 step process and that the supervising physician must complete the registration.

The addition of a new supervising physician does not terminate any other supervision that is currently in place. Any current supervising physician relationship can be terminated using the Online Supervisions and Prescriptive Delegation Registration System.

Yes, the PAs supervising physician must delegate prescriptive authority allowing a PA to sign prescriptions for controlled substances, also called scheduled drugs, as well as Dangerous Drugs. However, PA's are generally limited to Schedules III – V (Schedule IIs are allowed in very limited circumstances). All prescription drugs that are not controlled substances fall into the category of "dangerous drugs." Physician assistants with prescriptive authority must have their own DEA numbers to prescribe controlled substances. In addition, physician assistants must have the name of their current delegating physician authorizing prescriptive authority on file with DEA.

Please note: Under Senate Bill 195, the requirement for controlled substances registration (CSR) with the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) was eliminated as of September 1, 2016.

There is no limitation to the number of PAs or APNs a physician may supervise. However, a physician may only delegate prescriptive authority to a maximum of seven PA's or APN's, or their full-time equivalent.  The only exception relates to supervision and prescriptive delegation to a medically underserved population or in facility based practice.

A physician may delegate prescriptive authority to a maximum of seven PA's or APN's, or their full-time equivalent. There are some statutory exceptions for prescriptive delegation to a medically underserved population or in facility based practice. Refer to Board rule 169.

There is no grace period if you do not register your license on time. Once a license becomes delinquent, it is considering practicing without a license to practice as a PA, which may be prosecuted by the local district attorney. The policy of the Board, however, is that the only administrative penalty is the payment of penalty fees required by statute.

This is done through a log kept at the facility.

Yes, a PA can call in a prescription to a pharmacy. However, the PA can only do so at the direction of a physician.